Publications

1995

Allen, L.H., and J.S. Amthor. 1995. Plant physiological responses to elevated CO 2 , temperature, air pollution, and UV-B radiation. In Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System. Eds. G. M. Woodwell, and F. T. Mackenzie, 51-84. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Brown, I.F., A.S. Alechandre, H. S. Y. Sassagawa, and M. A. de Aquino. 1995. Empowering local communities in land-use management: The Chico Mendes Extractive Reserve, Acre, Brazil. Cultural Survival Quarterly . Special Issue on Technology and Indigenous Peoples: 54-57.

Brown, I.F., L.A. Martinelli, W. W. Thomas, M. Z. Moreira, C. A. Cid Ferreira, and R. A. Victoria. 1995. Uncertainty in the biomass of Amazonian Forests: An example from Rondônia, Brazil. Forest Ecology & Management 75:175-89.

Brown, I.F., B. Turcq, and A. S. Alechandre. 1995. Teaching concepts of accuracy, precision, and opportunity cost in environmental sciences: Arms, legs and significant features. Ciencia e Cultura 47, no. 1/2: 41-44.

Davidson, E.A. 1995. Linkages between carbon and nitrogen cycling and their implications for storage of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. In Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System. Eds. G. M. Woodwell, and F. T Mackenzie, 219-30. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Davidson, E.A. 1995. Spatial covariation of soil organic carbon, clay content, and drainage class at a regional scale. Landscape Ecology 10, no. 6: 349-62.

Davidson, E.A., G. Agren, O. Daniel, K.-C. Emeis, C. Largeau, C. Lee, K. Mopper, J.M. Oades, W.S. Reeburgh, D.S. Schimel, and R.G. Zepp. 1995. Group Report: What are the physical, chemical, and biological processes that control the formation and degradation of nonliving organic matter? In Role of Nonliving Organic Matter in the Earth's Carbon Cycle. R. G. Zepp, and Ch. Sonntag (eds.), 305-24. UK: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Davidson, E.A., D.C. Nepstad, C. Klink, and S.E. Trumbore. 1995. Pasture soils as carbon sink. Nature 376, no. 6540: 472-73.

Davidson, E.A., and J.P. Schimel. 1995. Microbial processes of production and consumption of nitric oxide, nitrous oxide and methane. In Biogenic Trace Gases: Measuring Emissions from Soil and Water. Eds. P. A. Matson, and R. C. Harriss, 327-57. Blackwell Science.

Davidson, E.A., and S.E. Trumbore. 1995. Gas diffusivity and production of CO 2 in deep soils of the eastern Amazon. Tellus 47B: 550-565.

Edgerton, L. T., and G. M. Woodwell. 1991. The Rising Tide: Global Warming and World Sea Levels. Washington, DC: Island Press.

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Holdren, J.P., et al. 1995. The U.S. Program of Fusion Energy Research and Development . Report of a PCAST Panel, President's Committee of Advisors on Science and Technology, Executive Office of the President of the United States, July.

Houghton, R.A. 1995. Balancing the global carbon cycle with terrestrial ecosystems. In Role of Nonliving Matter in the Earth's Carbon Cycle. Ed. R. G. Zepp, and Ch. Sonntag, 134-52. London: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Houghton, R.A. 1995. Carbon Cycle. In Encyclopedia of Energy Technology and the Environment , 491-504. London: John Wiley & Sons.

Houghton, R.A. 1995. Changes in the storage of terrestrial carbon since 1850. In Advances in Soil Science: Soils and Global Change , ed. R. Lal, J. Kimble, E. Levine, and B. A. Stewart. Boca Raton: CRC Press. 45-65.

Houghton, R.A. 1995. Deforestation. Pages 449-461 In Encyclopedia of Environmental Biology Orlando, Florida: Academic Press.

Houghton, R. A. 1995. Determining emissions of carbon from land: A global strategy. Pages 59-76 In S. Murai (ed.). Toward Global Planning of Sustainable Use of the Earth. Development of Global Eco-Engineering . Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Houghton, R. A. 1995. Effects of land-use change, surface temperature, and CO 2 concentration on terrestrial stores of carbon. In Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System. Eds. G. M. Woodwell, and F. T Mackenzie, 333-50. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Houghton, R. A. 1995. Global effects of deforestation. In Handbook of Ecotoxicology. Eds. D. J. Hoffman, B. A. Rattner, G. A. Burton Jr., and J. Cairns Jr., 492-508. Boca Raton FL: Lewis Publishers.

Houghton, R. A. 1995. Human transformation of North America [Book Review]. Conservation Biology 9 :1661-1663.

Houghton, R. A. 1995. Land-use change and the carbon cycle. Global Change Biology 1: 275-87.

Houghton, R. A. 1995. Tropical forests and climate. Pages 263-289 in R.B. Primack and T.E. Lovejoy, editors. Ecology, Conservation, and Management of the Southeast Asian Rainforests . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

Houghton, R.A., and J.L. Hackler. 1995. Continental Scale Estimates of the Biotic Carbon Flux from Land Cover Change: 1850-1980. ORNL/CDIAC-79, NDP-050, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, TN. 144 pp.

*Moutinho, P. R., D. C. Nepstad, K. Araújo, and C. Uhl. 1995. Formigas e floresta: Estudo para a recuperaçao de áreas de pastagem. Ciencia Hoje 15, no. 88: 59-60.

Murphy, P.G., A. Lugo, A. Murphy, and D. Nepstad. 1995. The dry forests of Puerto Rico's south coast. In Tropical Forests: Management and Ecology, A.E. Lugo and C. Lowe, eds. Springer Verlag.

Nepstad, D. C., P. H. Jipp, P. R. Moutinho, G. H. de Negreiros, and S. Vieira. 1995. Forest recovery following pasture abandonment in Amazonia: Canopy seasonality, fire resistance and ants. In Evaluating and Monitoring the Health of Large-Scale Ecosystem, ed. D. J. Rapport, C. L. Gaudet, and P. Calow, 333-49. Berlin: Springer Verlag.

Post, W.M., D.W. Anderson, A. Dahmke, R.A. Houghton, A-Y. Huc, R. Lassiter, R.G. Najjar, H.-U. Neue, T.F. Pedersen, S.E. Trumbore, and R. Vaikmae. 1995. What is the role of nonliving organic matter cycling on the global scale? Pages 155-174 in : R.G. Zepp and Ch. Sonntag (editors). The Role of Non-Living Organic Matter in the Earth's Carbon Cycle . Chichester, U.K: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ramakrishna, K., A. Deutz, and L. Jacobsen. 1995. The Ad Hoc Process to Strengthen the Framework Convention on Climate Change . Woods Hole MA: Woods Hole Research Center.

Ramakrishna, K., and J. Spears. 1995. World Commission on Forests and Sustainable Development: Proposed Work Programme . Woods Hole, MA: Woods Hole Research Center.

*Salomão, R., N. Rosa, D. Nepstad & A. Bakk. 1995. Estrutura diametrica e breve caracterização ecológica - econômica de 108 espécies arbóreas da floresta Amazônica Brasileira - I. Interciencia 20: 20-29.

Trumbore, S.E., and E.A. Davidson. 1995. Gaseous diffusivity and production of CO 2 in deep forest soils of the eastern Amazon [abstract]. Agronomy Abstracts.

Trumbore, S.E., E.A. Davidson, P.B. de Camargo, D.C. Nepstad, and L.A. Martinelli. 1995. Below-ground cycling of carbon in forests and pastures of eastern Amazonia. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 9(4):515-28.

Unruh, J.D., and P.A. Lefebvre. 1995. A spatial database approach for estimating areas suitable for agroforestry in sub-Saharan Africa: aggregation and use of agroforestry case studies. Agroforestry Systems 32.

Vieira, I.C., D.C. Nepstad, and R. de Paiva Salomao. 1995. The flora of an Amazonian landscape after a century of agriculture: the Bragantina region, Brasil. Conservation Biology.

Woodwell, G.M. 8 September 1995. Action is needed on global warming. Boston Globe, sec. Op-Ed.

Woodwell, G.M. 1995. A habitat for all life. BioScience 45, no. 2: 67-68.

Woodwell, G.M. 1995. Biotic feedbacks from the warming of the earth. In Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System. Eds. G.M. Woodwell, and F.T Mackenzie, 3-21. New York: Oxford University Press.

Woodwell, G.M. 1995. The Brown Crusade (Review of Rubin's The Green Crusade: Rethinking the Roots of Environmentalism). BioScience 45, no. 9: 634-35.

Woodwell, G.M. 1995. The Warming of the Earth - The oceans and the forests: A positive feedback system? In Pacem in Maribus XXII (Peace in the Oceans) , Editors K. Saigal, R. Rajagopalan, and L. S. Ganesh, 70-78. Madras: International Ocean Institute.

Woodwell, G.M., and F.T Mackenzie. 1995. Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System: Will the Warming Feed the Warming? New York: Oxford University Press.

Woodwell, G.M., F.T. Mackenzie, R.A. Houghton, M.J. Apps, E. Gorham, and E.A. Davidson. 1995. Will the warming feed the warming? In Biotic Feedbacks in the Global Climatic System. G.M. Woodwell, and F.T. Mackenzie (eds.), 393-411. New York: Oxford University Press.

Woodwell, G.M., and K. Ramakrishna. 1995. Forests and the human habitat: The case for building a global consensus. In The Role of Forest Ecosystems and Forest Management in the Global Carbon Cycle. New York: Springer-Verlag.

1994

Amthor, J. S. 1994. Scaling CO 2 -photosynthesis relationships from the leaf to the canopy. Photosynthesis Research 39: 321-50.

Azevedo-Ramos, C., and P.R. Moutinho. 1994. Amphisbaenians (Reptilia: Amphisbaenidae) in nests of Atta sexdens (Hymenoptera: formicidae) in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Entomological News 105(3): 183-84.

Brown, I.F. 1994. Remarks. For the IAI Workshop on Tropical Ecosystems and Biogeochemical Cycles. Brazil: INPE.

Chayes, A., and K. Ramakrishna. 1994. Report of the Workshop. In Criteria for Joint Implementation Under the Framework Convention on Climate Change , Ed. K. Ramakrishna, 3-4. Woods Hole, MA: Woods Hole Research Center.

Dale, V.H., S. Brown, E.P. Flint, C.A.S. Hall, R.A. Houghton, L.R. Iverson, J.F. Richards, and J. Uhlig. 1994. Estimating CO 2 flux from tropical forests. In Effects of Land-Use Change on Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations. ed. V.H. Dale, 365-84. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Davidson, E.A. 1994. Climate change and soil microbial processes: Secondary effects are hypothesised from better known interacting primary effects. In Soil Responses to Climate Change. ed. M.D.A. Rounsevell, and P.J. Loveland, 155-68. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Davidson, E.A., and J.L. Hackler. 1994. Soil heterogeneity can mask the effects of ammonium availability on nitrification. Soil Biology & Biochemistry 26(10):1449-53.

Dixon, R.K., S. Brown, R.A. Houghton, A.M. Solomon, M.C. Trexler, and J. Wisniewski. 1994. Carbon pools and flux of global forest ecosystems. Science 263(5144): 185-90.

Elisabetsky, E., and P. Shanley. 1994. Ethnopharmacology in the Brazilian Amazon. Pharmacology and Therapeutics 64:201-14.

Hart, S.C., J.M. Stark, E.A. Davidson, and M.K. Firestone. 1994. Nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Microbial and Biochemical Properties. , 985-1018. Madison WI: SSSA.

Houghton, R.A. 1994. Forests and the global carbon cycle: Current storage and emissions (in Portuguese). In Emissao X Sequestro de CO 2 : Uma Nova Oportunidade de Negocios para o Brasil, 39-76. Companhia Vale do Rio Doce, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Houghton, R.A. 1994. The world-wide extent of land-use change. BioScience 44(5):305-13.

Houghton, R.A., and J.L. Hackler. 1994. The net flux of carbon from deforestation and degradation in South and Southeast Asia. In Effects of Land-Use Change on Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations: South and Southeast Asia as a Case Study. Editor V. H Dale, 301-27. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Houghton, R.A., and G.M. Woodwell. 1994. Forests as Carbon Sinks. Criteria for Joint Implementation Under the Framework Convention on Climate Change, ed. K. Ramakrishna, 35-40. Woods Hole, MA: Woods Hole Research Center.

Koch, G.W., J.S. Amthor, and M.L. Goulden. 1994. Diurnal patterns of leaf photosynthesis, conductance and water potential at the top of a lowland rain forest canopy in Cameroon: measurements from the Radeau des Cimes. Tree Physiology 14:347-60.

Lefebvre, P.A., and T.A. Stone. 1994. Monitoring selective logging in eastern Brazilian Amazonia using multi-temporal Landsat thematic mapper imagery. Proceedings of the International Symposium of Resource and Environmental Monitoring, ISPRS Commission 7, 288-91. Rio de Janeiro.

*Mattos, M., G.H. Negreiros, D.C. Nepstad, J.H. Benatti, and I. Höhn. 1994. Avaliação de EIA/RIMA. Uma experiência - Uma perspectiva. A sociedade civil discutindo o futuro da Amazônia. (Evaluation of an Environmental Impact Assessment: An experience - a perspective. Civil society discussing the future of Amazonia.) I Encontro de Ciências Ambientais. Rio de Janeiro.

Mattos, M.M., and C. Uhl. 1994. Economic and ecological perspectives on ranching in the Eastern Amazon. World Development 22(2):145-58.

Negreiros, G.H. de, and D.C. Nepstad. 1994. Mapping deeply-rooting forests of Brazilian Amazonia with GIS. In: The Proceedings of the International Symposium of Resource and Environmental Monitoring, ISBRS Commission 7 , 334-338. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: ISBRS Commission 7.

Nepstad, D.C. 1994. Traditional resource use in neotropical forests. Ecology 75: 265-266.

Nepstad, D.C., C.R. de Carvalho, E.A. Davidson, P.H. Jipp, P.A. Lefebvre, G.H. de Negreiros, E.D. da Silva, T.A. Stone, S.E. Trumbore, and S. Vieira. 1994. The role of deep roots in the hydrological and carbon cycles of Amazonian forests and pastures. Nature 372(6507):666-69.

*Pereira, C., J. Veiga, D. Nepstad and E.A.S. Serrão. 1994. Avaliação do crescimento de arvores de valor econômico em sistemas agrosilvipastorís de Paragominas, Pará. Congresso de Sistemas Agroflorestais , Rondônia.

Ramakrishna, K. 1994. Criteria for Joint Implementation Under the Framework Convention on Climate Change. Woods Hole, MA: Woods Hole Research Center.

Ramakrishna, K. 1994. The Financial Mechanism of the Framework Convention on Climate Change: Operational Issues. Woods Hole, MA: Woods Hole Research Center.

Rayner, S., F. Bretherton, S. Buol, M. Fosberg, W. Grossman, R. Houghton, R. Lal, J. Lee, S. Lonergan, J. Olson, R. Rockwell, C. Sage, and E. van Imhoff. 1994. A wiring diagram for the study of land-use/cover change: Report of working group A. In Changes in Land Use and Land Cover: A Global Perspective , ed. W.B. Meyer and B.L. Turner, 13-53. Cambridge, U.K: Cambridge University Press.

Serrao, A.E., C. Uhl, and D.C. Nepstad. 1994. Deforestation for pasture in the humid tropics: Is it economically and environmentally sound in the long term? In Proceedings of the XVII International Grassland Congress 1993, 2215-21.

Stone, T.A., and P. Schlesinger. 1994. Building a Spatially Referenced Database of Landcover for the Region of the Former Soviet Union. Pecora 12 Sympos. Proceedings, Land Information from Space-Based Systems. Sioux Falls, ID. Aug. 1993. 555-558.

Stone, T.A., P. Schlesinger, R.A. Houghton, and G.M. Woodwell. 1994. A map of the vegetation of South America based on satellite imagery. Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 60(5):541-51.

Vieira, I., C. Uhl, and D. Nepstad. 1994. The role of the shrub Cordia multispicata Cham. as a 'succession-facilitator' in an abandoned pasture, Paragominas, Amazônia. Vegetatio 115:91-99.

Woodwell, G.M. 1994. Issues that underlie biodiversity: or, Why are there so many sowbugs? In Biodiversity in the Context of Science and Society, ed. A.H. Westing, 47-57. Middletown Springs VT: Vermont Academy of Arts & Sciences.

Woodwell, G.M. 1994. Managing the Earth: Exploding the myth of the phantom resource. Ecosystem Management: Status and Potential. Summary of a workshop convened by the Congressional Research Service, 291-96. Washington DC: US GPO.

Woodwell, G.M. 1994. New England's Prospect: 1994. In Gulf of Maine Environment Atlas, ed. P. Conkling and S. Meyer. Island Press.

Woodwell, G.M. 1994. The effect of science and government on the temperature of the earth. In Energy, the Environment, and Global Economic Growth, 129-34. Tulsa, OK: University of Tulsa.

Woodwell, G.M. 1994. The warming of the earth. In The Environment: Global Problems, Local Solutions , ed. J.E. Hickey, Jr., and L.A. Longmire. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press.

Woodwell, G.M. 1994. To repair a world gone awry. Renewable Resources Journal 12(3):6-10.

1993

Amthor, J.S. 1993. Effects of CO 2 enrichment on higher plant respiration. In Design and Execution of Experiments on CO 2 Enrichment, ed. E.D. Schulze and H.A. Mooney, 29-44. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.

*Barroso, L.V., I.F. Brown, D.C. Nepstad, and P.A. Lefebvre. 1993. Dinamica do Uso da Terra em Assentamentos Humanos na Regiao de Paragominas, Amazonia Brasileira, atraves de Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistema Geografico de Informaçoes. Congresso Florestal Panamericano, 338-40.

Barroso, L.V., D.C. Nepstad, I.F. Brown, and P.A. Lefebvre. 1993. Change Detection on Land Use and Rainforest Cover at Paragominas Region, Brazilian Amazon. Simposio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto, 21-29.

Brown, I.F. 1993. Innocence in Brazil: Tales from the Amazon. Woods Hole, MA: Woods Hole Research Center.

Bucher, E.H., A. Bonetto, T. Boyle, P. Canevari, G. Castro, P. Huszar, and T.A. Stone. 1993. Hidrovia: An Initial Environmental Examination of the Paraguay-Parana Waterway . Manomet MA: Wetlands for the Americas. 72 pp.

Dale, V.H., R.A. Houghton, A. Grainger, A.E. Lugo, and S. Brown. 1993. Emissions of greenhouse gases from tropical deforestation and subsequent uses of the land. In Sustainable Agriculture and the Environment in the Humid Tropics, ed. National Research Council, 215-60. Washington DC: National Academy Press.

Davidson, E.A. 1993. Soil water content and the ratio of nitrous oxide to nitric oxide emitted from soil. In Biogeochemistry of Global Change, ed. Oremland, 369-86. New York: Chapman & Hall.

Davidson, E.A., and I.L. Ackerman. 1993. Changes in soil carbon inventories following cultivation of previously untilled soils. Biogeochemistry 20, April:161-93.

Davidson, E.A., D.J. Herman, A. Schuster, and M.K. Firestone. 1993. Cattle grazing and oak trees as factors affecting soil emissions of nitric oxide from an annual grassland. In Agricultural Ecosystem Effects on Trace Gases and Global Climate Change: ASA Special Publication #55. 109-19. Madison WI: ASA/CSSA/SSA.

Davidson, E.A., and P.A. Lefebvre. 1993. Estimating regional carbon stocks and spatially covarying edaphic factors using soil maps. Biogeochemistry 22:107-31.

Davidson, E.A., P.A. Matson, P.M. Vitousek, R. Riley, et al. 1993. Processes regulating soil emissions of NO and NO 2 in a seasonally dry tropical forest. Ecology 74(1):130-139.

Houghton, R.A. 1993. The carbon cycle (review of a meeting). Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America 74:355-356.

Houghton, R.A. 1993. Changes in terrestrial carbon over the last 135 years. In NATO ASI Series, Vol. I 15: The Global Carbon Cycle. Editor M. Heimann, 139-56. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.

Houghton, R.A. 1993. The flux of carbon from changes in land use. In Projections of Future CO 2. Technical Paper 27, ed. I.G. Enting and K.R. Lassey, Appendix B. Division of Atmospheric Research, CSIRO, Australia.

Houghton, R.A. 1993. Is carbon accumulating in the northern temperate zone? Global Biogeochemical Cycles 7, no. 3: 611-17.

Houghton, R.A. 1993. The role of the world's forests in global warming. In World Forests for the Future: Their Use and Conservation. Editors K. Ramakrishna and G.M. Woodwell, 23-58. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Houghton, R.A., J.D. Unruh, and P.A. Lefebvre. 1993. Current land cover in the tropics and its potential for sequestering carbon. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 7(2):305-20.

Hutchinson, G.L., and E.A. Davidson. 1993. Processes for production and consumption of gaseous nitrogen oxides in soil. In Agricultural Ecosystem Effects on Trace Gases and Global Climate Change: ASA Special Publication #55: 79-93. Madison WI: ASA/CSSA/SSSA.

Lefebvre, P.A., M.K. Burke, and T.A. Stone. 1993. Monitoring forest vigor using physiological indices and digital satellite imagery [abs]. Bulletin of the Ecological Society of America, Program Abstracts and Supplement 74, no. 2: 326.

*Mendonça Santos, M.L., and I.F. Brown. 1993. Interpretation of satellite images and aerial photographs for mapping and monitoring land use in two communities of the Capim River, Paragominas, Para, Brazil. Proceedings of Simposio Brasileiro de Sensoriamento Remoto: Anais do VII SBSR, 188-91.

Mendonça Santos, M.L., M.M. Mattos, I.Pires, I.F. Brown, and W.S. Assis. 1993. Utilization of satellite images for preliminary mapping of land-use and for teaching agriculturists of the Capim River, Paragominas, Para, Brazil. In Annals of the VII Brazilian Symposium of Remote Sensing, 5-19.

*Moutinho, P., D. Nepstad, C. Uhl and K. Araujo. 1993. As formigas e a recuperação da floresta Amazônica. (Ants and the recuperation of Amazon forests.) Ciência Hoje 15:59.

Nepstad, D.C., and E.A. Davidson. 1993. Letter to the Editor: Deforestation's other side isn't rosy. The Washington Post Oct 8.

Nepstad, D.C., I.C. Vieira, P.R. Moutinho, and P.H. Jipp. 1993. Forest fragments and the future flora and fauna of Eastern Amazonia. In Forest Remnants in the Tropical Landscape: Benefits and Policy Implications. Symposium presented by the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Center , ed. J.K. Doyle and J. Schelhas. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution.

Ramakrishna, K. 1993. The Need for an International Commission on the Conservation and Utilization of World Forests. In World Forests for the Future: Their Use and Conservation , ed. G.M. Woodwell and K. Ramakrishna, 121-134 . New Haven: Yale University Press.

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Ramakrishna, K., and G.M. Woodwell, ed. 1993. World Forests for the Future: Their Use and Conservation. New Haven: Yale University Press. 148 pp.

Stone, T.A., and P Schlesinger. 1993. Building a spatially referenced database of landcover for the region of the former Soviet Union [abs]. Pecora 12 Symposium Proceedings .

*Vieira, I.C., D.C. Nepstad, S. Brienza Jr., and C.A. Pereira. 1993. A importância de áreas degradadas no contexto agrícola e ecológico da Amazônia. In Bases Científicas para Estratégias de Preservaçáo e Desenvolvimento da Amazônia , ed.S. Leáo and O. Ferreira, Vol. 2: 43-53. Manaus: Inst. Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia.

Williams, E.J., and E.A. Davidson. 1993. An intercomparison of two chamber methods for the determination of emission of nitric oxide from soil. Atmospheric Environment 27A(14): 2107-13.

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. Balancing the carbon budget: Review of Vegetation Dynamics and Global Change , ed. Solomon and Shugart. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 8(10):381.

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. Biotic responses to the warming of the earth: Will the warming speed the warming? Prepared for The Revelle Symposium. Cambridge, MA.

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. Ecology: The Restoration. Restoration Ecology .

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. Emergent issues require a global analysis: An independent world commission on forests and sustainable development. Gautam Vohra at Development Alternatives, an NGO in India.

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. Forests: What in the world are they for? In World Forests for the Future: Their Use and Conservation , ed. K. Ramakrishna and G.M., 1-20. New Haven CT: Yale Univ. Press.

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. Letter to the Editor. The New York Times 28 Sep: A24.

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. Review of The Shaping of Environmentalism in America by Victor B Scheffer. Quarterly Review of Biology 68(3):449.

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. To repair a world gone awry. Twelfth Pecora Memorial Symposium .

Woodwell, G.M. 1993. Ueber die Wissenschaft und den Zweck des Regierens in einer neuen Weltordnung (On science and the purpose of government under the new world order). In Denken und Handeln in Globaler Verantwortung (Book for Helmut Schmidt's 75th birthday), ed. Hans d'Orville, Vol. II, 156-162.

Woodwell, G.M., and R.A. Houghton. 1993. Warming the North: What happens? In Carbon Cycling in Boreal Forests and Sub-Arctic Ecosystems: US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development , 1-8. Washington DC: GPO.

1992

Amthor, J.S., G.W. Koch, and A.J. Bloom. 1992. CO 2 inhibits respiration in leaves of Rumex crispus L. Plant Physiology 98:757-60.

*Barroso, L.V., I.F. Brown, D.C. Nepstad, and P.A. Lefebvre. 1992. Estudo do Uso da Terra em Paragominas (Pará) como Ferramenta para a Formaçao de Recursos Humanos em Sensoriamento Remoto. Seminario de Ciencias Ambientais.

Brown, I.F., and V. Passos. 1992. Saving tropical forests requires communication. Cape Cod Times, 3 May, G1.

Brown, I.F. 1992. Letter: Defraying judgement. BioScience 24(6):397-398.

Brown, I.F., D. Irvine, T. MacDonald, N. Gonzalez, and I. Bastidas. 1992. Applications of geochemistry and training programs for indigenous land-use planning in the Ecuadorian Amazon. Interciencia 17(5):284-292.

Brown, I.F., D.C. Nepstad, I. de Pires, L. M. Luz, and A. S. Alechandre. 1992. Carbon storage and land-use in extractive reserves, Acre, Brazil. Environmental Conservation 19(4):307-15.

Davidson, E.A. 1992. Pulses of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide flux following wetting of dry soil: An assessment of probable sources and importance relative to annual fluxes. Ecological Bulletin 42:149-55.

Davidson, E.A. 1992. Sources of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide following wetting of dry soil. Soil Science Society of America Journal 56(1):95-102.

Davidson, E.A., S.C. Hart, and M.K. Firestone. 1992. Internal cycling of nitrate in soils of a mature coniferous forest. Ecology 73(4):1148-1156.

*Mattos, M., D. Nepstad, and I. Vieira. 1992. Cartilha para agricultores e extensionistas sobre mapeamento de área, cubagem de madeira e inventário florestal. (Handbook for farmers and extension specialists on land mapping, timber volume measurement, and forest inventory.) CEJUP Press.

Nepstad, D.C. 1992. Conclusions and recommendations: The challenge of non-timber forest product extraction. In Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy , ed. D.C. Nepstad, and S. Schwartzman, 143-146. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden .

Nepstad, D.C., I.F. Brown, L.M. Luz, A.S. Alechandre, and V. Viana. 1992. Biotic impoverishment of Amazonian forests by rubber tappers, loggers, and cattle ranchers. In Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy , ed. D. Nepstad and S. Schwartzman. Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden .

*Nepstad, D.C., M.M. Mattos, and I.C Vieira. 1992. Cartilha sobre mapeamentro de área, cubagem de madeira e inventário florestal (Workbook for Measuring and Mapping the Forests).

Nepstad, D.C., and S. Schwartzman, eds. 1992. Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy . Bronx, N.Y.: New York Botanical Garden.

Ramakrishna, K. 1992. Interest articulation and lawmaking in global warming negotiations: Perspectives from developing countries. Transnational Law and Contemporary Problems 2(1):153-172.

Ramakrishna, K. 1992. North-South issues: Common heritage of mankind and global environmental change. In Global Environmental Change and International Relations , e d. I. Rowlands and M. Greene. London: MacMillan.

Ramakrishna, K., and O.R. Young. 1992. International organizations in a warming world: Building a global climate regime. In Confronting Climate Change: Risks, Implications and Responses , ed. I. Mintzer, 253-264. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Rastetter, E.B., and R.A. Houghton. 1992. Letter: Carbon budget estimates. Science 258:382.

Sheldon, J.W., and P Shanley. 1992. Salvaging the botanical wisdom of Asia and Amazonia. Cooperation South Apr:14-15.

Stone, T.A. 1992. The visual record: South America's vanishing natural vegetation. Cultural Survival Quarterly 16(3):67-70.

Stone T.A. and P. Schlesinger. 1992. Using 1 Km Resolution Satellite Data to Classify the Vegetation of South America. International Union of Forestry Research Organizations' Remote Sensing & World Forest Monitoring International Workshop; Permanent Plots for World Forest Monitoring (IUFRO S4.02.05), January 1992. Pattaya, Thailand. pp. 85-93.

Stone, T.A., P. Schlesinger, and A. Z. Shwidenko. 1992. Vegetation gradients in the Yana River Basin, Yakut ASSR. International Workshop on Classification of Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation of South America, the 22nd Arctic Workshop Program and Abstracts, INSTAAR, Univ. of Colorado.

Woodwell, G.M. 1992. Foreword to Non-Timber Products from Tropical Forests: Evaluation of a Conservation and Development Strategy . Advances in Economic Botany 9: v.

Woodwell, G.M. 1992. How does the world work? Great issues of life and government hinge on the answer. In Global Warming and Biological Diversity , e d. Peters and Lovejoy, 31-37. New Haven: Yale University Press.

Woodwell, G.M. 1992. When succession fails. In Ecosystem Rehabilitation, Vol. I: Policy Issues , ed. Wali, 27-35.

Woodwell, G.M., and K. Ramakrishna. 1992. Forest treaty urged by global warming. Earth Summit Times : 1.

Woodwell, G.M., and K. Ramakrishna. 14 February 1992. Delay in saving forests means death for Earth. News and Observer, Op-Ed.

Woodwell, G.M., and K. Ramakrishna. 11 February 1992. Forests, scapegoats and global warming. The New York Times, Op-Ed.

1991

Amthor, J.S. 1991. Respiration in a future, higher CO 2 world. Plant, Cell and Environment 14:13-20.

Brown, I.F., I. Pires, D.C. Nepstad, and L.M. Luz. 1991. Satellite images and scientific research as tools to assist Brazilian rubber tappers in forest management. Abstract of invited talk for Symposium on Science, Human Rights and Indigenous Peoples: Annual Meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science . Washington DC: AAAS.

Dale, V.H., R.A. Houghton, and C.A.S. Hall. 1991. Estimating the effects of land-use change on global atmospheric CO 2 concentrations. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21(1):87-90.

Davidson, E.A. 1991. Fluxes of nitrous oxide and nitric oxide from terrestrial ecosystems. In Methane, Nitrogen Oxides and Halomethanes. , 219-235. Washington DC: American Society for Microbiology.

Davidson, E.A. 1991. Leadership for a new environmental order. Christian Science Monitor, 27 Feb., p. 19.

Davidson, E.A., S.C. Hart, C.A. Shanks, and M.K. Firestone. 1991. Measuring gross nitrogen mineralization, immobilization, and nitrification by 15N isotopic pool dilution in intact soil cores. Journal of Soil Science 42:335-349.

Davidson, E.A., P.M. Vitousek, P.A. Matson, R. Riley, G. Garcia-Mendez, and J.M. Maass. 1991. Soil emissions of nitric oxide in a seasonally dry tropical forest of Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research 96(D8): 15439-45.

Edgerton, L.T., and G.M. Woodwell. 1991. The Rising Tide: Global Warming and World Sea Levels. Washington, DC: Island Press.

Houghton, R.A. 1991. Biomass burning from the perspective of the global carbon cycle. In Global Biomass Burning: Atmospheric, Climatic, and Biospheric Implications , 321-325. Cambridge MA: MIT Press.

Houghton, R.A. 1991. Releases of carbon to the atmosphere from degradation of forests in tropical Asia. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 21(1):132-142.

Houghton, R.A. 1991. The role of forests in affecting the greenhouse gas composition of the atmosphere. In Global Climate Change and Life on Earth , 43-55. New York: Routledge, Chapman and Hall.

Houghton, R.A. 1991. Tropical deforestation and atmospheric carbon dioxide. Climatic Change 19:99-118.

Houghton, R.A., D.S. Lefkowitz, and D.L. Skole. 1991. Changes in the landscape of Latin America between 1850 and 1980: (I) A progressive loss of forests. Forest Ecology and Management 38:143-72.

Houghton, R.A., D.L. Skole, and D.S. Lefkowitz. 1991. Changes in the landscape of Latin America between 1850 and 1980: (II) Net increase of CO 2 to the atmosphere. Forest Ecology and Management 38:173-99.

Nepstad, D.C. 1991. Rangeland conditions in Latin America. World Resources Report 1990-91. 113-120.

Nepstad, D.C., C. Uhl, and E.A.S. Serrão. 1991. Recuperation of a degraded Amazonian landscape: Forest recovery and agricultural restoration. Ambio 20(6):248-255.

Ramakrishna, K. 1991. The convention on climate change: The task ahead. Journal of International Affairs 45:517-22.

Ramakrishna, K., and G.M. Woodwell. 1991. Report of the Workshop on the Conservation and Utilization of World Forests. Woods Hole MA: Woods Hole Research Center.

Rudaz, A.O., E.A. Davidson, and M.K. Firestone. 1991. Sources of nitrous oxide production following wetting of dry soil. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 85:117-124.

Stone, T.A., I.F. Brown, and G.M. Woodwell. 1991. Estimates, by remote sensing, of deforestation in central Rondonia, Brazil. Forest Ecology and Management 38(3,4): 291-304.

*Uhl, C., D.C. Nepstad, J.M. Cardosa da Silva, and I.C Vieira. 1991. Restauraçâo de floresta em pastagens degradadas. Ciencia Hoje 13(76):23-31.

Unruh, J.D. 1991. Nomadic pastoralism and irrigated agriculture in Somalia: Utilization of existing land-use patterns in designs for multiple access of 'high potential' areas of semi-arid Africa. GeoJournal 25(1): 91-103.

Woodwell, G.M. 1991. Biotic influences as the earth warms: Warmer and warmer and faster and? Testimony before the Subcommittee on Health and Environment, Committee on Energy and Commerce, US House of Representatives.

Woodwell, G.M. 1991. Forests in a warming world: A time for new policies. Climatic Change 19:245-51.

Woodwell, G.M. 1991. Global climate change and greenhouse emissions. Hearings before the Subcommittee on Health and the Environment of the Committee on Energy and Commerce Washington DC: 102nd Congress, 1st Session.

Woodwell, G.M. 1991. Global environment facility: a look toward 2000. Testimony before the Committee on Appropriations, Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, US House of Representatives, Hearing on Debt and Environmental Issues. Washington DC: March 4.

Woodwell, G.M. 1991. Letter to the Editor: Supporting life on earth. Science 254:358-60.

Woodwell, G.M. 1991. The environment in 2050: What we need to do now. Proceedings, 10th Anniversary Workshop & Conference of the WV Consortium for Faculty & Course Development in International Studies (FACDIS), Agenda for 21 st Century: Global Cooperation; Environment North-South Issues Peace and Security.

Young, O., G.J. Demko, and K. Ramakrishna. 1991. "Global Environmental Change and International Governance," Summary and Recommendations of a Conference held at Dartmouth College, Hanover, N.H., June.